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WAGSTYL, S. 2004. Budapest, the Next Bangalore? New EU Members Join the Outsourcing Race. The Financial Times (Sept. 21) as reprinted in YaleGlobal Online 2004.

From the Web site. American companies have become the world's leaders in outsourcing services to regions with low labor costs. Western European firms, previously slow to follow this global trend, have now begun outsourcing labor to central and eastern European countries, whose advantages include geographical proximity and language proficiency. Despite early optimism, a few obstacles lie ahead. First, central Europe may lose its competitive advantage as wages increase to western levels. Second - and this concerns all outsourcing nations - technological advances may prove to be more effective than offshoring in cutting costs.

WALL STREET JOURNAL STAFF 2005. In India's Outsourcing Boom, GE Played a Starring Role. Wall Street Journal (March 23).

The article describes the critical role of General Electric in the rise of the Indian offshoring industry. The story began in 1989 with a successful pitch by the Indian government to GE CEO Jack Welch. At one point, one third to one half of the business of each of India's three largest offshore firms, Tata Consultancy, Infosys, and Wipro, was with GE. GE Medical Systems and Wipro agreed in 1989 to jointly market a low-cost ultrasound machine. GE moved business process tasks to India in the late 1990s and in 1998 began plans for a call center. GE taught its Indian contractors about effective business practices.

WALTON, J. 2004. WTO: China Enters Year Three. China Business Review (Jan.). (Available at www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0401/01.html).

China began its third year as a member of the WTO on December 11, 2003. The PRC government has been slow to implement its most significant commitments, and no progress has been made in some important areas. China has fallen into a pattern of renegotiating its WTO entry terms line by line as questions arise about implementation problems. Some areas that China has to work on before the December 11, 2004 deadline include granting full trading rights to foreign companies for the right to import and export services, implementation of a number of important commitments in the areas of retailing, wholesaling, and commission agents' services, and franchising, as well as significant openings to foreign investment in the banking, insurance, and securities sectors.

WECKLER, A.2004. The India Jobs Timebomb. Sunday Business Post (Jan. 4). (Available at archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2004/01/11/story728704866.asp. Accessed June).

The article states that outsourcing middle class jobs to India has become a real threat to the Irish economy. David Begg, the general secretary of the Irish Congress Of Trade Unions, told the Tanaiste's Enterprise Strategy Group that outsourcing high-skilled jobs in financial services, IT and engineering to countries such as India was now ``a considerable worry''. Oracle recently cut its Irish workforce to 950 workers, citing difficult market conditions.

WILDEMANN, H. 2005. Unternehmensstandort Deutschland Wege zu einer wettbewerbsfähigen Wertschöpfungsgestaltung, Germany.

The article discusses paths to competitive added value creation for German enterprises.

WILLIAMS, D. 2004. Response to the Australian Computer Society Policies. House of Representatives Alcove, Parliament House, Canberra, Australia (May). (Available at www.dcita.gov.au).).

The article presents the Australian government's position on offshoring, and its views of the policy positions taken by the Australian Computer Society.

WILSON, C. 2005. Congress, Media, and Research Societies Bring National Attention to IT R&D Funding, USACM Weighs In. ACM Washington Update 9, 5 (May). (Available at ).

From the Web site. A confluence of events brought an amazing amount of national attention to the decline in funding for long-term IT research and the federal government's commitment to funding basic research in the physical sciences. This subject has received attention in the past, but the intensity and sustained interest both in the media and by policymakers show that this issue has newfound traction…All of this set the stage for a House Science Committee hearing titled "The Future of Computer Science Research in the U.S." USACM and several other computing societies weighed in with testimony at the hearing. After the hearing the chairman of the committee, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert (R-NY), stated his concern about the shift away from long-term IT R&D funding by the federal government concluding that the hearing was "just the first step in addressing concerns that computer scientists have raised about DARPA's research priorities."

WILSON, C. 2005. Congress to Bolster Math and Science. Tech Policy Blog, USACM (July). (Available at www.acm.org/usacm/weblog/index.php?p=298).

The article briefly mentions a few scholarship programs aimed at increasing interest in Math and Science. The first program "provides federal money, matched by private sources, to pay the tuition of students getting baccalaureate or advanced degrees in 'physical, life, or computer science; mathematics; and engineering.' " The second program "waives up to $5,000 of the interest portion of a student's loans. A student is eligible if they are a teacher of 'science, technology, engineering or mathematics' working in a 'high need' educational institution, but they don't need to have a math or science degree."

WORTHEN, B. 2004. Offshore Regulations: What to Worry At. CIO Magazine 15 (June).

The article examines the politics of offshoring in the United States in a presidential election year. Topics include the Thomas-Voinovich Amendment, state legislation intended to limit offshoring, campaigns against offshoring medical and financial data, the role of the H1-B and L-1 visa programs in offshoring, "right-to-know" laws concerning the location of people staffing call centers, and politicking by the US Chamber of Commerce and the Communications Workers of America on offshoring.

WORTHEN, B. 2005. Why George Bush Needs a Technology Czar. CIO Magazine 15 (April).

The article reports on the results from a poll of US chief information officers who indicated a need for a US technology czar to develop a strategic plan for technology, manage government sponsored R&D projects, and coordinate technology policy across government agencies. The article also reports on a study by the National Intelligence Council that the US position as innovation leader will be weakened by China and India over the next 15 years. The article argues that multidisciplinary research, such as cybersecurity, tends to get neglected. Weaknesses in the US system are discussed such as drop-offs in government R&D funding as a percentage of GDP, private sector R&D investment, and low numbers of science and engineering graduates. The article argues that the technology czar could be crafted out of the legislation authorizing the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science and Technology Council, but that there seems little interest in the Bush administration for promoting science and technology.

WU, G., YAN, L., AND WANG, Y. 2004. Beijing Regional Innovation System: History, Dilemma and Solution. 2nd Annual Globelics Conference on Innovation Systems and Development: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges. Beijing, China (Oct.).

From the abstract. With the development of technological innovation and progress in the Beijing economy, building regional innovation system is paid more and more attention. This paper first describes the evolvement of the Beijing regional innovation system, and then discusses the limitations and shortages of the Beijing regional innovation system. Finally, this paper puts forward the strategic development pattern of the Beijing regional innovation system.

WULF, W. 2005. The Importance of Foreign-Born Scientists and Security of the United States. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Committee of the Judiciary, US House of Representatives. (Sept.).

The president of the National Academy of Engineering argues that foreign scientists have made and continue to make major contributions to the United States. Not only is the United States more prosperous because of them, it is also more secure. He argues for a balance between security and access to foreign students and professional scientists and engineers.