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 ABSTRACT
Real-time cooperative editing systems allow multiple users to view and edit the same text/graphic/image/multimedia document at the same time for multiple sites connected by communication networks. Consistency maintenance is one of the most significant challenges in designing and implementing real-time cooperative editing systems. In this article, a consistency model, with properties of convergence, causality preservation, and intention preservation, is proposed as a framework for consistency maintenance in real-time cooperative editing systems. Moreover, an integrated set of schemes and algorithms, which support the proposed consistency model, are devised and discussed in detail. In particular, we have contributed (1) a novel generic operation transformation control algorithm for achieving intention preservation in combination with schemes for achieving convergence and causality preservation and (2) a pair of reversible inclusion and exclusion transformation algorithms for stringwise operations for text editing. An Internet-based prototype system has been built to test the feasibility of the proposed schemes and algorithms
REFERENCES
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CITED BY 64
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INDEX TERMS
Primary Classification:
H.
Information Systems
H.5
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
H.5.3
Group and Organization Interfaces
Subjects:
Synchronous interaction
Additional Classification:
C.
Computer Systems Organization
C.2
COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
C.2.4
Distributed Systems
Subjects:
Distributed applications
D.
Software
D.2
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
D.2.2
Design Tools and Techniques
Subjects:
User interfaces
H.
Information Systems
H.1
MODELS AND PRINCIPLES
H.1.2
User/Machine Systems
Subjects:
Human factors
H.5
INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (I.7)
H.5.3
Group and Organization Interfaces
Subjects:
Theory and models
General Terms:
Algorithms,
Design,
Human Factors
Keywords:
REDUCE,
causality preservation,
computer-supported cooperative work,
consistency maintenance,
convergence,
cooperative editing,
groupware systems,
intention preservation,
operational transformation
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